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NOTE: The Crypto Law Survey has moved.

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Version 27.0, February 2013
� Bert-Jaap Koops
All rights reserved. Please credit if quoting.

Next update February 2014.

Address list for crypto export licenses
Mailing list announcing updates
Maps summarizing the import, export, and domestic crypto controls around the world. Test your geographic knowledge! Also see Simon Hunt's Google map of International Crypto and Encryption Law.
For background information, see my Ph.D. thesis, The Crypto Controversy. A Key Conflict in the Information Society (Kluwer Law International, 1999). How can and should governments address the law-enforcement problems of cryptography?

FAQ | What's new | Sources | Table of Contents

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This survey gives an overview of the current state of affairs, with entries per country on import/export controls, domestic laws, developments to restrict cryptography, and developments favoring crypto use. For more background on the crypto policy dilemma, see my Ph.D. thesis The Crypto Controversy. A Key Conflict in the Information Society (Kluwer Law International, 1999).

Cryptography used for digital signatures is not covered by this survey. For regulation of digital signatures, see Digital Signatures and Law.

See also (but largely outdated): Stewart Baker & Paul Hurst, sub免费网络加速器from August 1998 and the extensive survey by EPIC and GILC, Cryptography and Liberty 2000 (earlier version: 1998). And see generally on export controls Simo-Pekka Parviainen's 旋风sub加速器 (particularly on the EU).

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This survey of cryptography laws is based on several reports, information from the Internet and personal communications. I have not consulted all original texts of relevant regulations; in many cases, I have relied on the sources listed. These findings, therefore, do not pretend to be exhaustive or legally reliable.

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I thank all who have provided me with information for this survey. Please send comments, corrections, updates, and additional information to E.J.Koops@uvt.nl to help me keep this survey updated. If you have questions, feel free to ask, but please check the FAQ first.

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(* indicates that the item has been updated since July 2010)

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神龟家加速器

sub免费网络加速器电脑版下载 of import, export, and domestic controls
Wassenaar Arrangement / COCOM
Council of Europe
European Union
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旋风加速器老版本下载

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